GEORGE POLYA'S PROBLEM-SOLVING HEURISTICS

 Polya (1978, p. 65) already stated that:

What real socioeconomic needs do we seek to solve?

1. Global poverty and hunger

2. Social and economic inequality

3. Political instability and lack of effective governments

4. Climate change and loss of biodiversity

A) Understand the problem properly

1. Poverty and hunger are complex global problems that can be understood from many angles. Here are some of the factors that contribute to these problems:

1.1. Economic and social inequality, which can make it difficult for marginalized groups to access resources and opportunities.

1.2. Armed conflicts, which can destroy infrastructure and disrupt food production in war-affected regions.

1.3. Climate change, which may affect food production and water security in vulnerable regions.

1.4. Lack of access to health, education and basic sanitation services, which can affect people's health and quality of life and limit economic opportunities.

1.5. Inadequate government policies, which may favor income concentration and limit access to resources and services.

Addressing these problems requires a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach that includes government actions, investments in education and infrastructure, sustainable economic development policies, and support for initiatives by civil society organizations and the private sector that aim to reduce poverty and hunger. globally.

2. Social and economic inequality is a complex problem that can be understood from different angles. Here are some of the factors that contribute to this problem:

2.1. Differences in income and wealth distribution, which can be caused by factors such as unequal wages, inheritance, asset ownership and access to economic opportunities.

2.2. Discrimination and social exclusion, which can limit access to resources and opportunities for marginalized groups such as women, ethnic minorities, people with disabilities and LGBTQIA+ people.

2.3. Inappropriate government policies, which can favor certain groups and perpetuate economic and social inequality.

2.4. Unsustainable consumption patterns, which can increase greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change and perpetuating global inequalities.

Addressing social and economic inequality requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes government actions, investments in education and infrastructure, sustainable economic development policies, and support for initiatives by civil society organizations and the private sector that aim to reduce inequality and promote social and economic inclusion.

3. Political instability and the lack of effective governments are complex problems that can be understood from different angles. Here are some of the factors that contribute to this problem: 

3.1. Weakness of government institutions, which can be undermined by corruption, conflicts of interest and lack of transparency.

3.2. Social and economic inequality, which can generate political tensions and social instability.

3.3. Armed conflict and security issues, which can disrupt government operations and make it difficult to build strong and effective institutions.

3.4. External pressures, such as economic sanctions, trade disputes and political interference, which can contribute to political instability and a lack of effective governments.

Addressing political instability and the lack of effective governments requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes actions to strengthen government institutions, fight corruption and promote transparency. It is also important to address security issues and armed conflict and promote social justice and economic equality to reduce political and social tensions. In addition, international cooperation and dialogue are important for dealing with external pressures and promoting political stability. 

4. Climate change and biodiversity loss are interconnected issues that have significant impacts on society and the environment. Here are some of the factors that contribute to these problems:

4.1. Increased emission of greenhouse gases resulting from the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other human activities that contribute to global warming and other climate changes.

4.2. Habitat loss and fragmentation of ecosystems, which can lead to the extinction of species and reduce biological diversity.

4.3. Air, water and soil pollution, which can negatively affect human health and ecosystems.

4.4. Unsustainable use of natural resources such as water, soil and forests, which can lead to environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity.

Addressing climate change and biodiversity loss requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote sustainable practices in the use of natural resources, and preserve natural ecosystems. It is also important to invest in clean and renewable technologies and promote behavioral changes in society. Furthermore, international cooperation is crucial to address these global challenges and ensure long-term sustainability.

Understanding of the problem

Although they are different problems, these global challenges have in common the fact that they are interconnected and often mutually reinforcing. For example, social and economic inequality can contribute to political instability and a lack of effective governments, which in turn can make it difficult to respond to problems such as climate change and biodiversity loss.

A possible approach to addressing these challenges is to adopt a multidisciplinary and integrated approach that takes into account the interactions between these issues. This can include:

1. Promote social justice and economic equality as a way to reduce political instability and improve communities' resilience to other global challenges.

2. Invest in sustainable technologies and practices that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote biodiversity conservation.

3. Strengthen government institutions and promote transparency and accountability to improve the effectiveness of governments in addressing these issues.

4. Foster international cooperation and the exchange of knowledge and technologies to promote global solutions.

Ultimately, the solution to these problems requires coordinated and sustainable actions on multiple fronts, involving governments, companies, civil society organizations and individuals.

Analise resulmida 

We can represent our problem through a figure?

There is no single highest body of the world economy, as the world economy is a complex system made up of many countries and economic actors such as companies, international organizations and governments. However, there are several international organizations that play an important role in global economic governance.

The IMF image is just an illustration to represent the world economic system

The financial system plays an important role in perpetuating and solving these global problems. For example, social and economic inequality is often exacerbated by financial systems that favor the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few individuals or companies, to the detriment of the majority.

Furthermore, lack of funding can be an obstacle to the adoption of sustainable practices and technologies that could help combat climate change and biodiversity loss. On the other hand, the financial system can be a powerful tool to catalyze change and promote sustainable solutions to these problems, through investments and financing that encourage sustainable practices and technologies, as well as social and economic justice.

Therefore, a financial system reform can be one of the important strategies to address these global problems more effectively and sustainably.

B) Devise a plan to solve the problem

Solving the problem of the financial system is a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted and collaborative approach. A plan to address these global issues could include the following steps:

1.  Promoting transparency and accountability in the financial sector: It is critical that financial institutions and governments are transparent about their financial practices and processes, as well as their decision-making. It is also important that financial institutions are held accountable for their actions, especially those that contribute to the perpetuation of social and economic inequality.

2. Encourage sustainable financial practices: Financial institutions can promote sustainable financial practices through investments in environmentally and socially responsible technologies and practices, as well as through the promotion of social and economic equity.

3. Strengthen Government Institutions: Governments have an important role in regulating the financial sector and promoting public policies that promote social and economic justice. It is important that governments act effectively and are able to respond adequately to global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss.

4. Foster international cooperation: Collaboration between governments, civil society organizations and business is critical to promoting global solutions to these problems. It is important that joint efforts are made to promote social and economic justice, sustainable financial practices and protection of the environment.

5. Promote financial education: Financial education can help raise public awareness of the importance of social and economic justice, sustainable financial practices, and the financial sector's role in promoting social and environmental well-being. Financial education can also help people make informed and informed financial decisions.

It is important to remember that these steps are interconnected and must be addressed in an integrated way to be effective. Furthermore, implementing these steps may require significant changes to existing financial policies, processes and practices. However, a collaborative effort and a long-term approach can help to achieve a more sustainable and equitable financial system, contributing to the resolution of global problems such as poverty and hunger, social and economic inequality, political instability and the lack of governments. effective measures, climate change and the loss of biodiversity.

C) Execute an action plan

D) Examine the obtained solution